How to solve syllogism by Analytical method

In the section of reasoning there is major influence towards syllogism part in many examinations. This part can be solved using two methods: Venn diagram and Analytical Method.

One needs to follow these simple steps to solve a problem by using analytical method.

Step 1: Alignment of the sentences. As we know there must be one term in common so we should align in such a way that we can at least draw a conclusion from them.

For example: i. All A are B.                        ii. Some A are C.
These sentences can be aligned in two ways.
a. All A are B means Some B are A. Hence our aligned pair is Some B are A and Some A are C.
b. Some A are C means Some C are A. Hence the aligned pair is Some C are A and All A are B.

Step 2: Use of Table to determine conclusion.

Before this you all should know about the coding that is used for syllogism. For example, we have 4 sets of statements,
                            a. All A are B. (Coded as A)
                            b. No A are B. (Coded as E)
                            c. Some A are B. (Coded as I)
                            d. Some A are not B. (Coded as O)

From these sentences a total of 13 possibility can be drawn out of which in 6 possibilty can have conclusions. They are:

First statement	Second Statement	Conclusion
A	A	A
A	E	E
E	A	O*
E	I	O*
I	A	I
I	E	O

In all the conclusions the subject is the subject of the first statement and predicate is the predicate of the second statement. However in case of O*, the subject is the predicate of the second statement and the predicate is the subject of first statement.

Step 3: Immediate conclusions might be there and one must look into it first. For example,
Statement              a. All A are B.                        b. All B are C.
Conclusion             b. All A are C.                        b. Some C are A.
The conclusion is clearly A+A=A i.e. All A are C. But if we convert the conclusion then we can find Some C are A. Hence both the conclusion follows.

Step 4: Complementary Pairs.

Statements are said to be complementary if, firstly, both of them have same subject and predicate and secondly, they are an I/O, A/O, I/E pair. In a complementary pair one of the two conclusions is bound to be true.

This was a quick recap of how to solve syllogism using analytical method.